Access to the Bendee Essay Example for Free

Access to the Bendee Essay The availability of relevant local culture, indigenous practices and knowledge combined with new ideas in technology and science can generate successful sustainable community development through innovation. Indigenous knowledge will not only contribute to the success of intervention, but better still its sustainability into the future. Numerous indigenous communities worldwide have always developed, operated and acted to different life challenges using indigenous methods passed on from one generation to the next. Our main focus in this paper will be to study and design a simple bridge, highlighting the use of relevant traditional and indigenous knowledge and cultural heritage amongst the Aboriginal people and technology to create a way across the Nebine Creek. Introduction Access to the Bendee Downs site requires vehicles to cross the Nebine Creek which remains impassable during the wet seasons. The site is a ten hour car trip from Brisbane, the closest city with a major airport, and can be accessed via the Murra Murra Road off the Balonne Highway or the Munda Munda Road and east via Fernlee Road. See more: Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essay Nebine River is approximately twenty meters wide. The bridge design would respect the Nebine Creek’s cultural importance to the Kooma People; it provides a place where they can identify with their homeland and share their culture hence should be protected (EWB Challenge, 2010). The property has become a conservation icon for the region due to its conservation values. About 40km of the Nebine Creek flow through the properties and it has a 4km permanent waterhole behind the old homestead. During the rainy seasons, the wetlands render the river impassable yet still it hosts a vast diversity of birds and fauna hence rendering it regionally, nationally and internationally valuable (EWB Challenge, 2010). Our design had to borrow much from the indigenous knowledge of the local community in conserving the site to design a technologically sound bridge. The following were considered in the design process: †¢ The maximum load it can support at the middle. †¢ The maximum load divided by the weight of the bridge (a measure of efficient use of materials) †¢ Aesthetic appeal of the final project to give the conservation efforts a boost. †¢ The materials to be used. We settled on locally available materials like wood to make it affordable and to make use of indigenous knowledge. The design process was geared towards solving the problem of impassable road by building a beam wooden bridge that would be capable to allow even small vehicles to go across. This was supposed to present a creative solution and involve teamwork in implementing the design. Background Information Indigenous knowledge, sometimes referred to as ‘local knowledge’, ‘traditional science’ or ‘folk knowledge’ is a form of knowledge that is unique to a culture or society. It is passed from generation to generation by word of mouth and cultural rituals and has been applied in almost all forms of life including cooking, health care, agriculture, conservation, education and several other facets of life that have sustained societies the world over. The indigenous way of practical learning has been interrupted by the abstract form of formal and academic way of learning witnessed presently (Fien, 2010). As the indigenous knowledge disappears, with it goes the valuable knowledge about ways of living sustainably. In order to fulfil our objective of the design project, first we sought to find how the Aborigines lived and travelled in the past. This we did to help us understand the local conditions and provide a productive context for our design to help the community. Traditionally Aboriginal people carried as little as possible in their journeys and usually chose implements which were multi-purpose. They would revisit favourite campsites of previous years where they had left that were too heavy to carry. These items would be left closer to water so that it wouldn’t need to be carried far. The women carried items on their heads and would make a ring shaped cushion of human hair, manguri, to wear when carrying heavy loads such as a big wooden dish etc. Men sometimes after hunting would carry a kangaroo on their heads. They carried their babies in a pouch in the back of a possum skin cloak (Berowra Valley Regional Park, 2010). This knowledge was very important in choosing the best type of bridge. Types of Bridges Several types of bridges are in existence today such as: Beam Bridges, Box Girder Bridges, Arch Bridges, Truss Bridges, Suspension Bridges, Cable Stayed Bridges. Examples of these bridges are included in the appendix Beam Bridges A beam bridge is very simple. The farther apart its supports are, the weaker it becomes. Although the beam needs careful design, it is cheap and easy to manufacture but this compromises on its beauty. Box Girder Bridges This is similar to the beam bridge but with a girder, box shaped, which makes it stronger. The girder needs careful design; it is cheap and easy to manufacture but not very beautiful. The performance of a beam bridge can be improved by using supports i. e. arches, trusses, cables. Arch Bridges Being one of the oldest types of bridge, they have great natural strength. Instead of pushing straight down, its weight is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. These supports or abutments carry the load and keep its ends from spreading out. Although they are heavy, they are strong if well designed and can be very beautiful. Truss Bridges Truss bridges are mostly empty space, but very effective. They are made of thin triangulated assemblies of metal members. They have a very good strength to weight performance and can be incorporated into any design. They are usually very beautiful. Suspension Bridges A suspension bridge as its name suggests, suspends the roadway from huge main cables extending from one end of the bridge to the other. All the highly stressed parts of a suspension bridge are in tension apart from the towers. These cables which rest on top of towers are secured at each end by anchorages. They have a high aesthetic value, are light and strong. They span greater distances, are expensive and are susceptible to wobble if designed improperly. Cable-Stayed Bridges The cables are attached to the towers which bear the load alone. They are very beautiful and require less cable. They are easier and faster to build but require stronger towers. Core Material The design process Design of an arch bridge. Initially, a suspension bridge and other options were considered but because of the sandy nature of the place and foundation limitations, we decided on an arch bridge. We set to design a timber bridge over the Nebine Creek not only capable of carrying pedestrians and animals but also motor vehicles. This bridge would be built on concrete and stone abutments for the many girder span designed. Instead of pushing straight down, the weight of the bridge (mainly made of laminated softwood) is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. These supports or abutments carry the load and keep its ends from spreading out. The abutments should carry a span of 22 meters. Four pairs of wooden beams, running lengthwise to the in relation to the bridge i. e. ‘longitudinal’, will rest on hammerhead bearings. The wooden beams are made of wooden pieces put in layers and glued together to form a larger beam. The layers, which are glued laminated wooden beams to make them more durable, are laid horizontally to form the main beam. Each pair measures 1 meter by 0. 5 meters, 15 centimetres thick. The span is 22 meters. The beams are to be made of softwoods like pine which are readily available in the community. To hold the pieces together firmly, metal brackets would be used to bolt the pieces together. On top of the stringers, small pieces of timber would be laid across and a coating of asphalt pavement would provide the road wearing surface. Since the stream has high banks and can hold rising waters caused by a flash flood during the rainy season, a concrete and stone arch bridge was chosen. The goal was to maintain the level of the road to allow for maximum potential stream flow. Traditionally, each family amongst the Aboriginal people would have a canoe, made from a single sheet of bark heated under low temperatures and then bent into shape. These canoes were used for fishing and crossing rivers especially during the rainy seasons. A base of clay built in the bottom of the canoe, would be used to light fire to cook some of the fish caught from the river. The remainder of the fish would be brought ashore to be shared amongst the rest of the people. Crossing rivers, they would put logs across minor streams and sometimes large rocks would be used (Berowra Valley Regional Park, 2010). Examples of these are shown in the appendix. A simple model would be made of wood to test the usability of the bridge. A bridge plan diagram was drawn to determine the amount necessary; this was done by tracing on the arch at the bottom with a pencil. On the model, an allowance of 10 inches is left from the end of the boards on the bottom cut to allow plenty of support on the stringers to carry the weight of the bridge. The amount of arch on the model was determined by using tack and string to make the arch. Wood glue is used to attach the pieces together, the cut out pieces are attached to the top of the stringer with a bead of wood glue and small screws (they are put on the underside so that they do not show. The pieces are then brought together to form the model beam.

the civil War :: essays research papers

The civil war a war between the Northern states of our countryand the Southern states, started in April of 1861 and lasted until April of 1865, however the problems that started the war started amny years before that. The Northern part of the U.S became industrialized. That means built large factories and manufactured things like iron products and textiles or fabric. Northern states needed people to work in their factories and most of them came as immigrants from Europe. Nothern States were covered with forests, had very cold winters and rocky soil that was hard to farm so most farms there were small. In the North Many ppl lived in cities. The Southern states became agrarian. That means, that , beacuse the fertile soil in South and warm, mild climate there, people were able to grow grops on farms. Some farms people worked to do all teh jobs that took care of needs of people on the plantation. Most platations in teh South grew rice, indigo, sugarcae, tobacco, and cotton. There was conflict between the north and south because of slave labor. Both the north and the south wated the US government to spend money to imporve things like roads and build railroads in their states. Because the House of Rep. and the senate make the loaws of our country thast decide how maney from the government would be spent, it became very important whether the new states entering the union were slave states. Thats when he Missouri compromis came into effect. Southerners and notherners became more and mroe angry about slavery and how gov. maoney was being spent, ppl starting fighting int he states over these issues. Wehn Missouri wanted to join the union as a slave state, for example, the northern states insisted that a free state had to join at the same time. The state was maine and when the 2 states joined it was called the Missouri Compromise the Civil War Starts when a violent event took place t harper's Ferry, Virginia when a man named John Brown and his firneds took over a building full of guns that belonged to the US army. Jhohn Brown's plan was to give the rifles to slaes so they could start a revolution and win their freedom. Instead, the army surrounded the building where John Brown, 2 of his sons and 19 friends were and shot almost all of them.

Institutions

2489 5491 2489 5491 How does your text communicate information and ideas about institutions and individual experience? Institutions consist of protest, compliance and enforcement. Sometimes institutions harm the individual and sometimes they affect the individual in a positive way. The two texts, Shawshank Redemption (film) and Scales of Justice (television drama), both demonstrate this well, through various techniques such as narrating throughout the films. Both texts are about institutions in the criminal justice system. The text, Shawshank Redemption, portrays institutions as having a negative impact on the individual.In particular, it focuses on the strict elements of institutional life within prisons. These include set routines and structures that must be followed by the inmates. Schedules are enforced. A bell rings, doors open, prisoners step out and line up for morning head count. Enforcement and compliance are essential in the institution. Throughout the film one of the main characters ‘Red† is narrating, this communicates a different perspective of the effect institutions have on individuals. He expresses this when he says, â€Å"I’m telling you,  these walls are funny. First you hate them.Then you get used to them. Enough time passes, it gets so you depend on them. That’s institutionalised. † This quote shows a negative impact institutions can have on an individual, instead of wanting to be back in society they become dependent on set routines. The film also communicates the idea that once an individual has been institutionalised for a certain period of time, it becomes almost impossible for them to adapt back into society when they are released from prison. One way this is communicated is by the inmate Brooks’ protest against leaving Shawshank.Brooks has been in Shawshank for an extended amount of time, prison life and routine is now all he seems to know. It becomes obvious to the audience that even he feels he will not be able to adapt back into society. So terrified of leaving prison, he threatens to stab a fellow inmate so that his sentence will be extended, allowing him to stay in Shawshank. This results in Brooks taking his own life when he is finally released, emphasising the earlier reflection made by Red that some individuals can no longer survive without the institutional way of life.Scales of Justice (Act 1) is about a young and eager probationary constable (Webber) who is graduating from the police academy and has started to work for a police station. The audience sees that he is quiet young and naive through techniques like him twirling his gun around his finger like a young boy would with a toy gun. However as the text progresses we are see that Webber goes through stages of being ecstatic about his new job and not being able to wait to help society as they are â€Å" a walking conscience†, and loving the â€Å"perks† of the job, for example getting discounts on things like food and a car.The audience begins to find that the police station is one that is quite corrupt. As Webber beings to realise this, we see that the institution is having a negative effect on him by killing his dreams of being a walking conscience of society. At first this just makes him a little uncomfortable, but when it comes to actually seeing the corruption first hand (finding the fur coat in his locker) it brings things into perspective for him. 2489 5491 2489 5491 For a few days, the Webber considers keeping the stolen fur coat, as he takes it home with him.This is an example of the institution affecting is once very strong and clear conscience, this is the institution having a negative effect on him. Eventually, the guilt of possessing stolen property becomes too much for Webber, and he turns the coat into the head sergeant. Webber confesses that Sergeant O’Rourke was the one who took it and placed it in his locker. This results in more corruption which l eads to Webber being dismissed from the police force.This is because the internal affairs investigator says Webber is lying and took the coat himself, when really the audience knows that he is dismissed because he turned on a fellow police officer. So in the end we see that being the â€Å"walking conscience† for society didn’t turn out so well for Webber. In conclusion, Shawshank Redemption and Scales of Justice; The Job, both communicate information and ideas about institutions and the individual experience. They both show the aspects of protest, enforcement and compliance within institutions and how the individual is affected through the institution, whether it is in a positive or negative way.

Essay about Progressivism - 1920 Words

Progressivism implies a philosophy which welcomes innovations and reforms in the political, economic, and social order. The Progressive movement, 1901 to 1917, was ultimately the triumph of conservatism rather than a victory for liberalism. In a general sense, the conservative goals of this period justified the Liberal reforms enacted by Progressive leaders. Deviating from the â€Å"traditional† definition of conservatism (a resistance to change and a disposition of hostility to innovations in the political, social, and economic order), the Conservatist triumph was in the sense that there was an effort to maintain basic social and economic relations vital to a capitalist society. The Progressive leaders essentially wanted to perpetuate†¦show more content†¦In 1902, the United Mine Workers were willing to submit to arbitration, but the coal operators adamantly opposed any recognition of the union. Thus, the union members decided to strike over wages, safety conditions, and union recognition. The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902 ended with the appointment by Roosevelt of an arbitration commission to rule on the issues. Business men did not regard politics (government regulation) as a necessary evil, but as an important part of their position in society. Roosevelt did not see big business as evil, but a permanent development that was necessary in a modern economy. Roosevelt couldn’t rely on the courts to distinguish between â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad† trusts. The only solution was for the executive to assume that responsibility. Roosevelt’s ingenious â€Å"square dealings† and â€Å"gentlemen’s agreements† controlled many firms. In 1903, a new cabinet position was created to address the concerns of business and labor (Department of Commerce and Labor). Within the department, the Bureau of Corporations was empowered to investigate and report on illegal activities of corporations. The abuse of economic power by railroads proposed another problem for Roosevelt. However, in 1903, the Elkins Act empowered the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission, first American federal regulatory agency) to act againstShow MoreRelatedProgressivism Historiography Essay2107 Words   |  9 PagesAwesome Student Mrs. Aars CIS American History 15 March, 2013 My Take on the Progressives The common thought about progressivism before the 1950s were that it was a movement by the common people to curb the excessive power of powerful people such as urban bosses, corporate moguls, and corrupt officials. However, when George Mowry wrote his Progressivism: Middle Class Disillusionment, he challenged the common idea that the progressives were middle class citizens and instead considered them toRead More Progressivism Essay1891 Words   |  8 PagesProgressivism The Progressive Movement in the late nineteenth century, early twentieth century presented quite a situation for historians to conquer. 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In the decades following the Civil War, rapid industrialization transformed the United States. A national rail system was completed, agriculture was mechanized